基于散斑干涉光谱分布变化量探测瞬态高温的研究

为了提高瞬态高温检测的精度,利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)对散斑干涉条纹进行光谱分析,提出了通过光谱分布的偏移及幅值变化反演温度的方法。当激光照射应变材料时,瞬态高温使材料发生形变从而使散斑干涉条纹改变,被测表面形变前后获得的干涉条纹由面阵CCD采集。由于其对应的光谱密度分布函数也会发生相应的改变,即中心波长位置偏移及振幅变化,通过其改变反演材料的瞬态温度。在分析推导了瞬态温度变化、材料应变及干涉条纹变化之间的函数关系后,仿真分析得到了瞬态温度正比于压强系数、反比于温度系数。实验采用660 nm半导体激光器,SI6600型面阵CCD探测器,从获得的光谱分布函数中提取中心波长的偏移量,经计算和标定所得数据与传统的干涉测温方法进行对比,探测精度可达0.3%。相比传统的直接检测干涉条纹的变化量,由被测面形变量推导温度的方法精度提高近3倍。     

南海神狐海域及祁连山冻土区天然气水合物的拉曼光谱特征

采用显微激光拉曼光谱对我国在南海神狐海域及祁连山冻土区首次钻获的天然气水合物实物样品进行了详细的研究, 探讨了其笼型结构特征及其气体组成. 结果表明, 南海神狐海域天然气水合物样品是典型的I型结构(sI)水合物, 气体组分主要是甲烷, 占99%以上; 水合物大笼的甲烷占有率大于99%, 小笼为86%, 水合指数为5.99. 祁连山冻土区天然气水合物气体组分相对复杂, 主要成分除甲烷外(70%左右), 还有相当数量的乙烷、丙烷及丁烷等烃类气体, 从拉曼谱图上可初步判断其为II型结构(sII)水合物; 水合物的小、大笼的甲烷占有率的比值(θ_S/θ_L)为26.38, 远远大于南海神弧海域水合物的0.87, 这主要是由于祁连山水合物气体组分中的大分子(乙烷、丙烷及丁烷等)优先占据水合物的大笼, 大大减少了大笼中甲烷分子的数量.     

Electrochemical Nano-Roughening of Gold Microstructured Electrodes for Enhanced Sensing in Biofluids**

A key challenge for sensor miniaturization is to create electrodes with smaller footprints, while maintaining or increasing sensitivity. In this work, the electroactive surface of gold electrodes was enhanced 30-fold by wrinkling followed by chronoamperometric (CA) pulsing. Electron microscopy showed increased surface roughness in response to an increased number of CA pulses. The nanoroughened electrodes also showed excellent fouling resistance when submerged in solutions containing bovine serum albumin. The nanoroughened electrodes were used for electrochemical detection of Cu²⁺ in tap water and of glucose in human blood plasma. In the latter case, the nanoroughened electrodes allowed highly sensitive enzyme-free sensing of glucose, with responses comparable to those of two commercial enzyme-based sensors. We anticipate that this methodology to fabricate nanostructured electrodes can accelerate the development of simple, cost-effective, and high sensitivity electrochemical platforms.     

Surface-Area Determination of Anisotropic Polymersomes by Amphiphilic Molecular Probe Loading

The surface area of anisotropic polymeric assemblies is a critical parameter concerning their properties. However, it is still a grand challenge for traditional techniques to determine the surface area. Here, a molecular probe loading (MPL) method is developed to measure the surface area of anisotropic polymersomes in the shape of tube, disc, and stomatocyte. This method uses an amphiphilic molecular probe, comprising hydrophobic pyrene as the anchor and hydrophilic tetraethylene glycol (EG₄) as the float. The surface area of spherical polymersomes determined by dynamic light scattering is quantitatively correlated with the loading amount of probes, allowing the calculation of the average separation distance between the loaded probes. With the separation distance, we successfully determine the surface area of anisotropic polymersomes by measuring the loading amount. We envision that the MPL method will assist in the real-time surface area characterization, enabling the customization of functions.     

Bioanalytical method validation,biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of GSK-650394, a serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 inhibitor

GSK-650394 is an inhibitor of serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 that displays potency for treating cancer, hypertension, cardiovascular and neuronal diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease. However, the biopharmaceutical properties and pharmacokinetics of GSK-650394 have not been studied extensively. Also, there are currently no bioanalytical assays available for this new drug candidate. In this study, we developed a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify GSK-650394 in rat plasma and validated its selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision, sensitivity, matrix effects, extraction recovery, and stability, following the United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines. In vitro studies showed the biopharmaceutical properties of GSK-650394, including its low solubility in water and simulated gastrointestinal fluids, passive transport in Caco-2 cell monolayers, high plasma protein binding, and primary metabolism by glucuronide conjugation in the small intestine and liver of rats. Following intravenous administration (2 mg/kg) to rats, GSK-650394 exhibited low total clearance (11.18 ± 1.28 mL/min/kg) and volume of distribution at steady-state (346.1 ± 120.6 mL/kg). Following oral administration (2, 5, and 10 mg/kg) to rats, GSK-650394 underwent enterohepatic circulation, with low bioavailability (～9%). The insignificant difference in bioavailability among three oral doses suggests that GSK-650394 may follow linear pharmacokinetics up to an oral dose of 10 mg/kg. In addition, the total form of parent drug and glucuronide conjugate in rat plasma from three oral doses showed a much higher value of area under the plasma concentration versus time curve than the parent drug, indicating that the primary metabolism process of GSK-650394 was glucuronidation. Our findings suggest that the low oral bioavailability of GSK-650394 is associated with its low solubility, instability under acidic gastric conditions, and extensive glucuronidation metabolism.